Adobe
Creative · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Runs Firefly, its own family of commercially-safe generative image/video models, alongside partner LLMs in Acrobat.
Cloud · Hybrid
42 companies in the Modeling Warehouse run on Hybrid, and how directly they consume their foundational models. Avg Foundation Proximity Score 80/100.
Creative · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Runs Firefly, its own family of commercially-safe generative image/video models, alongside partner LLMs in Acrobat.
Defense · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Defense-autonomy on its Lattice OS with its own perception/autonomy models on the edge.
Telecom · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Telecom; in-house network ML plus partner LLMs (Ask AT&T on Azure OpenAI) for employees.
Banking (EU) · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
European bank; in-house risk ML plus Mistral for EU-sovereign generative AI.
Travel · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Travel marketplace; huge own ranking/pricing ML plus OpenAI for the AI Trip Planner.
Social/Consumer · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
TikTok parent; trains its own Doubao foundation models + massive recommendation ML on its own infra.
Telecom/Media · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Cable/media; own voice-remote + network ML plus partner LLMs for assistants.
Cybersecurity · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Self-Learning AI built in-house; models the network rather than calling an LLM.
AI/Translation · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
European MT leader training its own translation + writing models on its own EU infrastructure.
Hardware/Enterprise · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Dell AI Factory packages on-prem open models (Llama) + partners (Cohere) for enterprise/sovereign deployment.
Media · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Media/parks; large in-house recommendation/VFX ML plus partner LLMs for assistants; cautious GenAI posture.
Gaming · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Game publisher; large in-house animation/matchmaking ML plus partner LLMs for tooling.
Gaming · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Unreal Engine + Fortnite; in-house generative/animation ML (MetaHuman) on its own infra.
Robotics · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Humanoid robotics running Helix, its own vision-language-action model (built in-house after the OpenAI split).
IT (Japan) · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Builds Takane, its own enterprise Japanese LLM (with Cohere), for regulated/government use.
Telecom (EU) · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
European telecom partnering with Mistral for sovereign LLMs over its own network ML.
E-Commerce (Japan) · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Japanese commerce/fintech ecosystem training its own Japanese-first Rakuten AI models.
Gaming · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
League/Valorant maker; in-house anti-cheat + matchmaking ML on its own infra; off the foundational-LLM map at the core.
Gaming · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
UGC gaming platform on its own data centers; trains its own generative models for 3D/code creation assistants.
Enterprise · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Joule is multi-model: SAP’s own ABAP LLM plus a Generative AI Hub fronting OpenAI, Gemini, Anthropic (Claude powers Joule agents), Llama, and sovereign Mistral/Cohere on SAP cloud.
Defense · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Builds Hivemind, its own autonomy foundation for GPS/comms-denied flight.
Conglomerate (Japan) · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Telecom/investment group building its own Japanese LLMs (Sarashina) plus partner models; major AI-infra investor.
Automotive · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Trains its own end-to-end driving + world models on the Dojo/GPU stack; vision-only FSD.
Telecom · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Telecom running its own network ML; customer/agent assistants on Google Cloud Gemini.
Retail · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Trains Wallaby, its own retail-tuned LLMs, alongside partner LLMs for its shopping super-assistant; huge in-house ML.
HR · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Runs Illuminate, its own ~800B-parameter LLM trained on HR/finance data from 10,500+ customers (800B transactions/yr) for privacy + enterprise fit; acquired Sana (2025) for custom AI agents.
Communications · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Runs its own global data centers for real-time media, bursting to AWS/Oracle Cloud at peak. AI Companion uses a 'federated' approach blending its own models with Anthropic and OpenAI.
Productivity · Hybrid · Direct API
Asana runs a large-scale, stateful, microservice-style backend with autoscaling infrastructure and a dedicated Production Infrastructure pod for observability and platform reliability, layered behind a multi-region, hybrid cloud deployment. Its data stack separates transactional MySQL/Aurora stores from analytical event pipelines and a cloud data warehouse used by growth and analytics teams.
FinTech (EU) · Hybrid · Direct API
European neobank; Finn AI assistant on OpenAI over account data.
Healthcare (EU) · Hybrid · Direct API
European health-booking platform; AI assistants built on Mistral for EU data-sovereignty.
Storage · Hybrid · Direct API
Famously repatriated bulk file storage off AWS onto its own 'Magic Pocket' exabyte infrastructure while keeping some cloud for edge/compute. Metadata in sharded MySQL (Edgestore). Dropbox Dash AI uses OpenAI.
Website Builder · Hybrid · Direct API
Website/commerce builder historically on its own data centers, increasingly cloud-hybrid; polyglot persistence (MySQL/MongoDB/Cassandra). AI site-generation and copy use OpenAI.
Website Builder · Hybrid · Direct API
Site builder; AI site/content generation on OpenAI.
Healthcare · Hybrid · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Dominant EHR on its own InterSystems stack; generative features run on Azure OpenAI via the Microsoft partnership.
Govtech/Data · Hybrid · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
AIP orchestrates partner LLMs (OpenAI, Anthropic) inside customer security boundaries over its ontology.
CRM · Hybrid · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Long-running first-party data centers now extended onto public cloud via Hyperforce (AWS-backed). Multi-tenant metadata engine historically on Oracle, migrating workloads toward PostgreSQL; Einstein layers third-party LLMs behind a trust boundary.
Mobility · Hybrid · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Hybrid: long-running own data centers now paired with Oracle Cloud and Google Cloud. Storage on Schemaless (MySQL), Cassandra and Pinot for real-time analytics. Michelangelo is its in-house ML platform.
Cybersecurity · Hybrid · Off the LLM map (in-house non-LLM ML)
1Password’s production architecture is centered on a zero-knowledge, end-to-end encrypted vault service, where plaintext is encrypted on the client before reaching 1Password’s servers. Publicly available sources confirm hybrid cloud deployment patterns for components such as the SCIM bridge, but they do not reliably expose the company’s full internal database stack or all backend infrastructure details.
FinTech · Hybrid · Off the LLM map (in-house non-LLM ML)
Global payments processor on its own infrastructure; large in-house fraud/risk ML; off the foundational-LLM map at the core.
Streaming Media · Hybrid · Off the LLM map (in-house non-LLM ML)
Control plane runs almost entirely on AWS over Cassandra/EVCache; video delivery uses its own Open Connect CDN appliances embedded in ISPs worldwide. Famous OSS culture and ML-driven recommendations.
FinTech · Hybrid · Off the LLM map (in-house non-LLM ML)
Massive in-house fraud/risk ML on its own infrastructure; off the LLM map at the core.
Aerospace · Hybrid · Off the LLM map (in-house non-LLM ML)
Rockets + Starlink; massive in-house autonomy/vision/control ML; off the foundational-LLM map at the core.
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